{"id":3242,"date":"2019-12-16T19:54:38","date_gmt":"2019-12-16T19:54:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.igfmining.org\/stage_new\/impact-of-the-mining-sector-on-local-development-will-institutional-mining-funds-for-local-development-be-a-game-changer\/"},"modified":"2023-03-22T14:48:03","modified_gmt":"2023-03-22T14:48:03","slug":"impact-of-the-mining-sector-on-local-development-will-institutional-mining-funds-for-local-development-be-a-game-changer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.igfmining.org\/stage\/impact-of-the-mining-sector-on-local-development-will-institutional-mining-funds-for-local-development-be-a-game-changer\/","title":{"rendered":"Impact of the Mining Sector on Local Development: Will institutional mining funds for local development be a game-changer?"},"content":{"rendered":"

** Fran\u00e7ais ci-dessous**<\/p>\n

Unlike the impact of mining activity at the national level, which has long been the focus of researchers, the impact of the mining sector on local development is harder to gauge. One of the few studies on this topic was published in 2017 by the World Bank Group <\/a>and focused on industrial mines in Africa. It concluded that the average results experienced by mining communities in terms of sustainable human development are positive but inconsistent and, above all, limited. In their search for a formula for propelling local development in mining areas, some states are increasingly turning to a specific mechanism: institutional mining funds for local development (MFLDs).<\/p>\n

Negotiating vs. regulating<\/h4>\n

MFLDs could indeed provide an answer to the challenges raised by other funding tools for local development in the areas where mining sites are located, due principally to the fact that the imposition of such funds is legally binding and that their operation is regulated. Consequently, the way in which these funds are provisioned, distributed, allocated and managed is predetermined by the relevant regulations.<\/p>\n

This is obviously not the case for the other types of funding mechanisms for development in mining areas. In the past, these funds were the subject of negotiations between the mining company and the state or the local community. In other cases, certain mining companies voluntarily relied on corporate social responsibility.<\/p>\n

In practice, it is true that the process of adopting legal texts can be time-consuming and the administrative procedures linked to institutional MFLDs can be complex, thereby slowing down the local communities\u2019 access to the funds or the project delivery process. Despite this constraint, MFLDs offer many advantages\u00a0compared to other systems. First of all, their operationalization requires little or no negotiation, which is not the case for community development agreements. Also, they are more likely to be consistent with national and local development plans, as opposed to corporate social responsibility, whose purely voluntary nature could create a risk of heterogeneity, inadequacy or even overlaps in the measures implemented by the various mining companies. Finally, institutional MFLDs can also provide a restricted tax redistribution channel when the state contributes to the fund.<\/p>\n

How do MFLDs work? A few examples from the WAEMU<\/h4>\n

Four member states of the West African Economic and Monetary Union <\/a>(WAEMU)\u2014Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso, Senegal and Mali\u2014introduced MFLDs when their mining codes were revised, in 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2019, respectively. Senegal now has two separate funds, while in 2017 Togo adopted an enforcement decree of the Law on the Contribution of Mining Companies in Local and Regional Development (2011). At the regional level, the revised WAEMU Community Mining Code, under adoption process, could require the establishment of MFLDs in each member state of the WAEMU.<\/p>\n

Contributions to the funds are made either by mining companies (in Ivory Coast, Togo and Senegal for its local development support fund) or through a transfer of a share of the central government\u2019s mining revenues (in Senegal for its equalization and support funds for local communities<\/em>)\u2014or through a combination of these two sources (as in Burkina Faso and Mali). In most cases, the amounts collected are directly allocated to local communities. Ivory Coast is a special case: there, the amounts are managed by an ad hoc body set up for each mine. We emphasize that, for the MFLDs that receive contributions from the state,\u00a0the allocation criteria allow non-mining areas of the country to receive a portion of the amounts collected by the fund.<\/p>\n

A solution to be implemented in synergy with other tools<\/h4>\n

When they are well designed and implemented, institutional MFLDs have the potential to take root in the landscape and be a game-changer for local development related to the mining sector in WAEMU member countries. The advent of MFLDs does not necessarily spell the end of other tools for local development, as innovative combinations and synergies with these tools can also be explored.<\/p>\n

For more information, please refer to the report from our workshop<\/a> dealing with the management of community development in relation to mining industries, which was organized in July 2019 in a joint effort with the WAEMU Commission.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

***Fran\u00e7ais***<\/em><\/p>\n

Impact du secteur minier sur le d\u00e9veloppement local : les fonds miniers de d\u00e9veloppement local institutionnalis\u00e9s changeront-ils la donne\u00a0?<\/h2>\n

Contrairement \u00e0 l\u2019impact de l\u2019activit\u00e9 mini\u00e8re au niveau national qui a longtemps concentr\u00e9 l\u2019attention des chercheurs, l\u2019impact du secteur minier sur le d\u00e9veloppement local est plus difficile \u00e0 cerner. Une des rares \u00e9tudes sur le sujet, publi\u00e9e en 2017 par le Groupe de la Banque mondiale <\/a>et focalis\u00e9e sur les mines industrielles en Afrique, a conclu que les communaut\u00e9s mini\u00e8res connaissent en moyenne des r\u00e9sultats positifs, mais pas uniformes, et surtout limit\u00e9s, en termes de d\u00e9veloppement humain durable. \u00c0 la recherche d\u2019une formule pour impulser le d\u00e9veloppement local dans les zones mini\u00e8res, certains \u00c9tats se tournent de plus en plus vers un outil sp\u00e9cifique\u00a0: les fonds miniers de d\u00e9veloppement local institutionnalis\u00e9s (FMDL).<\/p>\n


\n<\/strong>N\u00e9gocier ou r\u00e8glementer\u00a0?<\/h4>\n

En effet, les FMDL pourraient apporter une r\u00e9ponse aux d\u00e9fis pos\u00e9s par d\u2019autres outils de financement du d\u00e9veloppement local dans les zones d\u2019implantation des sites miniers, principalement gr\u00e2ce au fait que l\u2019institution de ces fonds est l\u00e9galement contraignante, et que leur fonctionnement est r\u00e8glement\u00e9. Ainsi, le mode d\u2019alimentation desdits fonds, leur r\u00e9partition, leur affectation et leurs modalit\u00e9s de gestion sont fix\u00e9s a priori dans la r\u00e8glementation.<\/p>\n

Cela n\u2019est \u00e9videmment pas le cas lorsqu\u2019il s\u2019agit des autres mod\u00e8les de dispositifs de financement du d\u00e9veloppement dans les zones mini\u00e8res. Par le pass\u00e9, ces fonds faisaient l\u2019objet de n\u00e9gociations entre la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 mini\u00e8re et l\u2019\u00c9tat ou la communaut\u00e9 locale. Dans d\u2019autres cas, certaines entreprises mini\u00e8res ont volontairement mis\u00e9 sur la responsabilit\u00e9 sociale des entreprises.<\/p>\n

Dans la pratique, il est vrai que le processus d\u2019adoption des textes juridiques peut requ\u00e9rir du temps et les proc\u00e9dures administratives li\u00e9es aux FDML institutionnalis\u00e9s peuvent \u00eatre complexes, ralentissant ainsi l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux fonds par les collectivit\u00e9s locales ou l\u2019ex\u00e9cution des projets. Malgr\u00e9 cette contrainte, les FMDL pr\u00e9sentent bien des avantages\u00a0en comparaison avec d\u2019autres formules. D\u2019abord, leur op\u00e9rationnalisation requiert peu ou pas de n\u00e9gociations, ce qui n\u2019est pas le cas des accords de d\u00e9veloppement communautaire. Aussi, ils sont plus \u00e0 m\u00eame d\u2019\u00eatre en coh\u00e9rence avec les plans de d\u00e9veloppement nationaux et locaux, contrairement \u00e0 la responsabilit\u00e9 sociale des entreprises \u00a0dont le caract\u00e8re purement volontaire pourrait induire un risque d\u2019h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9, d\u2019inad\u00e9quation voire de chevauchements des actions d\u2019une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 mini\u00e8re \u00e0 l\u2019autre. Enfin, les FMDL institutionnalis\u00e9s peuvent \u00e9galement constituer un canal de redistribution fiscale restreint lorsque l\u2019\u00c9tat contribue \u00e0 l\u2019alimentation du fonds.<\/p>\n

Comment fonctionne le m\u00e9canisme des FMDL\u00a0? Quelques exemples de l\u2019UEMOA<\/h4>\n

Quatre \u00c9tats membres de l\u2019Union \u00c9conomique et Mon\u00e9taire Ouest Africaine <\/a>(UEMOA) \u2013 la C\u00f4te d’Ivoire, le Burkina Faso, le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal et le Mali \u2013 ont introduit les FMDL lors de la r\u00e9vision de leurs Codes miniers respectivement en 2014, 2015, 2016 et 2019. Le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal dispose d\u00e9sormais de deux fonds distincts alors qu\u2019au Togo, un d\u00e9cret d\u2019application de la Loi relative \u00e0 la contribution des entreprises mini\u00e8res au d\u00e9veloppement local et r\u00e9gional (2011) a \u00e9t\u00e9 adopt\u00e9 en 2017. Au niveau r\u00e9gional, il est envisag\u00e9 que le Code minier communautaire r\u00e9vis\u00e9 de l\u2019UEMOA (CMC), en cours d\u2019adoption, prescrive l\u2019\u00e9tablissement de fonds miniers de d\u00e9veloppement local dans chaque \u00c9tat membre de l\u2019Union.<\/p>\n

En ce qui concerne l\u2019alimentation des fonds, cela est fait soit par les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s mini\u00e8res (en C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, au Togo, et au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal pour son Fonds d\u2019appui au d\u00e9veloppement local<\/em>), soit par un transfert d\u2019une portion des recettes mini\u00e8res de l\u2019\u00c9tat central (au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal pour son Fonds de p\u00e9r\u00e9quation et d\u2019appui aux collectivit\u00e9s locales<\/em>), ou bien encore, par une combinaison de ces deux sources (comme au Burkina Faso et au Mali). Les sommes collect\u00e9es sont directement allou\u00e9es aux collectivit\u00e9s locales dans la majorit\u00e9 des cas. La C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire constitue un cas particulier o\u00f9 les sommes sont g\u00e9r\u00e9es par un organe ad hoc constitu\u00e9 pour chaque mine. On souligne que dans les FMDL qui b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient des contributions de l\u2019\u00c9tat,\u00a0la cl\u00e9 de r\u00e9partition permet aux zones non mini\u00e8res du pays de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier d\u2019une portion des sommes collect\u00e9es par le fonds.<\/p>\n

Une solution \u00e0 d\u00e9ployer en synergie avec les autres outils<\/h4>\n

Bien con\u00e7us et mis en \u0153uvre, les FMDL institutionnalis\u00e9s ont le potentiel de s\u2019ancrer dans le paysage et de changer la donne pour le d\u00e9veloppement local li\u00e9 au secteur minier dans les pays membres de l\u2019UEMOA. L\u2019av\u00e8nement des FDML ne signifiant pas forc\u00e9ment la fin des autres outils de d\u00e9veloppement local, des combinaisons et des synergies innovantes peuvent donc \u00eatre explor\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d\u2019informations, veuillez consulter le rapport de notre atelier<\/a> sur la gestion du d\u00e9veloppement communautaire en relation avec les industries mini\u00e8res, organis\u00e9 en juillet 2019 conjointement avec la Commission de l’UEMOA.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Can institutional mining funds for local development promote sustainable development in mining?","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1987,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[33,32],"class_list":["post-3242","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-legal-and-policy","tag-socioeconomic-benefits"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nImpact of the Mining Sector on Local Development: Will institutional mining funds for local development be a 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